A wide range of e-learning modalities are widely integrated in medical education. However, some of the key questions related to the role of e-learning remain unanswered, such as (1) what is an effective approach to integrating technology into pre-clinical vs. clinical training?; (2) what evidence exists regarding the type and format of e-learning technology suitable for medical specialties and clinical settings?; (3) which design features are known to be effective in designing on-line patient simulation cases, tutorials, or clinical exams?; and (4) what guidelines exist for determining an appropriate blend of instructional strategies, including online learning, face-to-face instruction, and performance-based skill practices? Based on the existing literature and a variety of e-learning examples of synchronous learning tools and simulation technology, this paper addresses the following three questions: (1) what is the current trend of e-learning in medical education?; (2) what do we know about the effective use of e-learning?; and (3) what is the role of e-learning in facilitating newly emerging competency-based training? As e-learning continues to be widely integrated in training future physicians, it is critical that our efforts in conducting evaluative studies should target specific e-learning features that can best mediate intended learning goals and objectives. Without an evolving knowledge base on how best to design e-learning applications, the gap between what we know about technology use and how we deploy e-learning in training settings will continue to widen.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Teachers and managers experiences of virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study Monireh Faghir Ganji, Azam Jafari Malvajerd, Ahmad Moradi, Alireza Amanollahi, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Hamed Basir Ghafouri Heliyon.2024; 10(2): e24118. CrossRef
Online anatomy education during the Covid‐19 pandemic: Opinions of medical, speech therapy, and BSc Anatomy students Johara Khan, Karin J. Baatjes, Jodie I. Layman‐Lemphane, Janine Correia Anatomical Sciences Education.2023; 16(5): 892. CrossRef
Experience of Sudden Shift from Traditional to Virtual Problem-Based Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic at a Medical College in Saudi Arabia Faisal Alsaif, Lina Neel, Saleh Almuaiqel, Abdulaziz Almuhanna, Jude Feda, Nouf Alrumaihi, Omar Alanazi, Mohammed Almansour, Majda Fuad Saeed, Mona Soliman Advances in Medical Education and Practice.2023; Volume 14: 453. CrossRef
The Role of E-Content Development in Medical Teaching: How Far Have We Come? Maithili N Bankar, Nandkishor J Bankar, Brij Raj Singh, Gulshan R Bandre , Yogendra P Shelke Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Medical students’ knowledge and attitude towards tele-education and associated factors at University of Gondar, Ethiopia, 2022: mixed method Rorisa Tadele Hailemariam, Araya Mesfin Nigatu, Mequannent Sharew Melaku BMC Medical Education.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
e-Learning Evaluation Framework and Tools for Global Health and Public Health Education: Protocol for a Scoping Review Awsan Bahattab, Michel Hanna, George Teo Voicescu, Ives Hubloue, Francesco Della Corte, Luca Ragazzoni JMIR Research Protocols.2023; 12: e49955. CrossRef
Advantages and Disadvantages, Concerns, and Solutions for Emergency Remote Teaching During COVID-19: Portuguese Lecturers’ Perspectives José Paulo Marques dos Santos, Carla Serrão, Teresa Sofia Amorim-Lopes, Ana Rita Rodrigues, Silvia Marina, Andreia Teixeira, Luísa Castro, Ivone Duarte SAGE Open.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Accelerated Implementation of a Virtual Neurology Clerkship Amid a Global Crisis Raghav Govindarajan, Anh-Thu N. Vu, Rachel Marie E. Salas, Alexandra Michelle Miller, David J. Sandness, Rana R. Said, Andrew M. Southerland, Andres Fernandez, Sofia Romano, Brianna J. Sennott, Jorge Patino-Murillas, Madhu Soni Neurology.2022; 98(7): 279. CrossRef
Factors influencing the acceptance of online teaching among dental students during COVID-19 crisis in India: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey Mansi Atri, SukhvinderSingh Oberoi, Nilima Sharma Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry.2022; 20(1): 49. CrossRef
Asynchronous online lecture may not be an effective method in teaching cardiovascular physiology during the COVID-19 pandemic Weerapat Kositanurit, Sarocha Vivatvakin, Kasiphak Kaikaew, Pachara Varachotisate, Chuti Burana, Maneerat Chayanupatkul, Sekh Thanprasertsuk, Danai Wangsaturaka, Onanong Kulaputana BMC Medical Education.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Perceived Impacts of Educational Technologies on Learning among Students in Selected Schools of Nursing in Ogun State Sodimu J.O., Dele-Alonge O.I., Odutayo P.O., Aminu S.O., Temitayo O.A., Alake O.M., Ayedun M.K. African Journal of Health, Nursing and Midwifery.2022; 5(3): 67. CrossRef
Survey of Ophthalmology Training Experiences Among Young Ophthalmologists in the Asia-Pacific Andrew S.H. Tsai, Brian S.Y. Yeo, Roberto Anaya Alaminos, Chee Wai Wong, Clement C. Tham, Seng Kheong Fang, Dennis S.C. Lam, Miguel González-Andrades, Marcus Ang Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology.2022; 11(5): 434. CrossRef
Advances in e-learning in undergraduate clinical medicine: a systematic review T. Delungahawatta, S. S. Dunne, S. Hyde, L. Halpenny, D. McGrath, A. O’Regan, C. P. Dunne BMC Medical Education.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
‘Learning from home’: role of e-learning methodologies and tools during novel coronavirus pandemic outbreak Velusami Deepika, Krishnamurthy Soundariya, Kaliaperumal Karthikeyan, Ganapathy Kalaiselvan Postgraduate Medical Journal.2021; 97(1151): 590. CrossRef
Effect of e-learning on health sciences education: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis Krishna Regmi, Linda Jones Higher Education Pedagogies.2021; 6(1): 22. CrossRef
Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde Pandemi Döneminde Eğitim Selcen ONCU Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası.2021; 20(60-1): 63. CrossRef
Barriers to Online Learning in the Time of COVID-19: A National Survey of Medical Students in the Philippines Ronnie E. Baticulon, Jinno Jenkin Sy, Nicole Rose I. Alberto, Maria Beatriz C. Baron, Robert Earl C. Mabulay, Lloyd Gabriel T. Rizada, Christl Jan S. Tiu, Charlie A. Clarion, John Carlo B. Reyes Medical Science Educator.2021; 31(2): 615. CrossRef
A comparative study regarding distance learning and the conventional face-to-face approach conducted problem-based learning tutorial during the COVID-19 pandemic Chi-chung Foo, Billy Cheung, Kent-man Chu BMC Medical Education.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of COVID-19 on orthopaedic residents—an Indian perspective Prasanna Kumar GS, Amit Kumar Yadav, Abhishek Harsoor, Kantharaju H, Akash V Mane, Nikhil D. Palange OTA International: The Open Access Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma.2021; 4(2): e096. CrossRef
Optimizing e-learning in oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond Monica Malik, Deepthi Valiyaveettil, Deepa Joseph Radiation Oncology Journal.2021; 39(1): 1. CrossRef
Lessons from the impact of COVID-19 on medical educational continuity and practices Camille Vatier, Alain Carrié, Marie-Christine Renaud, Noémie Simon-Tillaux, Alexandre Hertig, Isabelle Jéru Advances in Physiology Education.2021; 45(2): 390. CrossRef
Prioritising topics for developing e-learning resources in healthcare curricula: A comparison between students and educators using a modified Delphi survey Hooi Min Lim, Chirk Jenn Ng, Chin Hai Teo, Ping Yein Lee, Puteri Shanaz Jahn Kassim, Nurul Amelina Nasharuddin, Phelim Voon Chen Yong, Renukha Sellappans, Wei Hsum Yap, Yew Kong Lee, Zahiruddin Fitri Abu Hassan, Kuhan Krishnan, Sazlina Shariff Ghazali, Fa PLOS ONE.2021; 16(6): e0253471. CrossRef
Medical students’ perception towards E-learning during COVID 19 pandemic in a high burden developing country Mohamed Daffalla-Awadalla Gismalla, Mohamed Soud Mohamed, Omaima Salah O Ibrahim, Moawia Mohammed Ali Elhassan, Mohamed NaserEldeen Mohamed BMC Medical Education.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The efficacy of virtual distance training of intensive therapy and anaesthesiology among fifth-year medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study Enikő Kovács, András Kállai, Gábor Fritúz, Zsolt Iványi, Vivien Mikó, Luca Valkó, Balázs Hauser, János Gál BMC Medical Education.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
PECULIARITIES OF DISTANCE MEDICAL LEARNING DURING THE COVID 2019 LOCKDOWN: PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE OF TEACHING MEDICAL ENGLISH Lesya Lymar, Khrystyna Storozhuk Wiadomości Lekarskie.2021; 74(8): 1964. CrossRef
Sharing a Preliminary Experience of an Effective Online Teaching Strategy for Physiology Practicals Anindita Mahanta, L Sundareswaran, Krishnan S, Abhishek Sinha, Naveen P, Manasi Bhattacharjee Cureus.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Perception of E-Resources on the Learning Process among Students in the College of Health Sciences in King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, during the (COVID-19) Outbreak Reham AlJasser, Lina Alolyet, Daniyah Alsuhaibani, Sarah Albalawi, Md. Dilshad Manzar, Abdulrhman Albougami Healthcare.2021; 10(1): 40. CrossRef
Exploring Adult Learners’ Viewpoints and Motivation Regarding Distance Learning in Medical Education
Haifa Fahad Bin Mubayrik Advances in Medical Education and Practice.2020; Volume 11: 139. CrossRef
A systematic review of the factors – enablers and barriers – affecting e-learning in health sciences education Krishna Regmi, Linda Jones BMC Medical Education.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Analyse des Stellenwertes von „eLearning“ in der Augenheilkunde und Evaluierung einer „eLearning-App“ E. Grabowski, F. Alten, J. Termühlen, P. Heiduschka, V. Brücher, N. Eter, C. R. Clemens Der Ophthalmologe.2020; 117(12): 1218. CrossRef
Novel Coronavirus and Orthopaedic Surgery Zhen Chang Liang, Wilson Wang, Diarmuid Murphy, James Hoi Po Hui Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.2020; 102(9): 745. CrossRef
What orthopedic surgeons need to know about Covid-19 pandemic Khaled Emara, Ahmed K. Emara, Mona Farhan, Shady Mahmoud Journal of Orthopaedics.2020; 21: 275. CrossRef
How the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting paediatric orthopaedics practice: A preliminary report Alejandro Peiro-Garcia, Laura Corominas, Alexandre Coelho, Lidia DeSena-DeCabo, Ferran Torner-Rubies, Cesar G. Fontecha Journal of Children's Orthopaedics.2020; 14(3): 154. CrossRef
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on residency and fellowship training programs in Saudi Arabia: A nationwide cross-sectional study Ameera Balhareth, Mohammed Abdulrazzaq AlDuhileb, Fozan A Aldulaijan, Mohammed Yousef Aldossary Annals of Medicine and Surgery.2020; 57: 127. CrossRef
The Pedagogical Shift During COVID 19 Pandemic: Online Medical Education, Barriers and Perceptions in Central Kerala Aboobacker Mohammed Rafi, Pulikkottil Raphael Varghese, Praveenlal Kuttichira Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development.2020; 7: 238212052095179. CrossRef
“Virtual” Boot Camp: Orthopaedic Intern Education in the Time of COVID-19 and Beyond Abhiram R. Bhashyam, George S. M. Dyer Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.2020; 28(17): e735. CrossRef
Pandemics and Their Impact on Medical Training: Lessons From Singapore Zhen Chang Liang, Shirley Beng Suat Ooi, Wilson Wang Academic Medicine.2020; 95(9): 1359. CrossRef
Perception and experience of academic Jordanian ophthalmologists with E-Learning for undergraduate course during the COVID-19 pandemic Noor M. Alqudah, Hisham M Jammal, Omar Saleh, Yousef Khader, Nail Obeidat, Jumana Alqudah Annals of Medicine and Surgery.2020; 59: 44. CrossRef
Geospatial Mapping of Orthopaedic Surgeons Age 60 and Over and Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 Tarun K. Jella, Alexander J. Acuña, Linsen T. Samuel, Taral K. Jella, Thomas E. Mroz, Atul F. Kamath Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.2020; 102(12): 1022. CrossRef
Medical Education, Pre- and Post-Pandemic Era: A Review Article Aldanah Althwanay, Farah Ahsan, Federico Oliveri, Harshit K Goud, Zainab Mehkari, Lubna Mohammed, Moiz Javed, Ian H Rutkofsky Cureus.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Is Digital Transformation Possible Beyond the 20th Century Theories in Education? Sevgi TURAN Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası.2020; 19(59): 5. CrossRef
The online learning in medical education: A novel challenge in the era of COVID-19 pandemic Fouad Ayoub, Mohamad Moussa, AthanasiosG Papatsoris, MohamadAbou Chakra, NazihBou Chahine, Youssef Fares Hellenic Urology.2020; 32(2): 89. CrossRef
Evaluating E-Learning Maturity from the viewpoints of Medical Sciences Students MH Ronaghi, F Hosseini Research in Medical Education.2019; 11(1): 29. CrossRef
Parsian as a Model for Employing Patient Simulation in the Learning Management System Shirin Ayani, Khadijeh Moulaei, Ashraf Alimadadi, Mahmoud Bakhtiari, Rafat Bayat, Faezeh Sadeghi, Samaneh Nematolahi, Mohammad Shahrabadi Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of an E-Learning Course for Clubfoot Treatment in Tanzania: A Multicenter Study Silvia D Vaca, Nicholus M Warstadt, Isidor H Ngayomela, Rachel Nungu, Emmanuel S Kowero, Sakti Srivastava Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development.2018; 5: 238212051877191. CrossRef
E-learning in graduate medical education: survey of residency program directors Christopher M. Wittich, Anoop Agrawal, David A. Cook, Andrew J. Halvorsen, Jayawant N. Mandrekar, Saima Chaudhry, Denise M. Dupras, Amy S. Oxentenko, Thomas J. Beckman BMC Medical Education.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Aprendizagem Híbrida na Educação Médica: uma Revisão Sistemática Ekaterini Goudouris, Miriam Struchiner Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica.2015; 39(4): 620. CrossRef
Developmental-Behavioral Pediatric Teaching of Medical Students: A National COMSEP Survey Neelkamal Soares, Qishan Wu, Shibani Kanungo Teaching and Learning in Medicine.2014; 26(4): 366. CrossRef
Attitude to e-learning among newly qualified doctors Jason Goh, Michael Clapham The Clinical Teacher.2014; 11(1): 20. CrossRef
Clinical decision making: a pilot e-learning study Martin Abendroth, Sigrid Harendza, Martin Riemer The Clinical Teacher.2013; 10(1): 51. CrossRef
Can computerized tests be introduced to the Korean Medical Licensing Examination? Sun Huh Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2012; 55(2): 124. CrossRef
Provision of electronic learning resources by UK medical schools for final year students Andrew Baldwin, Richard Webb, Nicola Gainsborough, David Howlett, Celine Inglis Medical Teacher.2011; 33(4): 325. CrossRef
Surgical Videos Online: A Survey of Prominent Sources and Future Trends Amanda Dinscore, Amy Andres Medical Reference Services Quarterly.2010; 29(1): 10. CrossRef